A standard, cumulative index out-of cross-physical fitness are computed for each mixture of maternal forest and you will pollen donor, based on adult fresh fruit lay, seed germination, and you may survivorship and development of seedlings. For every single kinds, mixed-design study of variance was utilized to evaluate the effects out-of crossing treatment (repaired impression; with maternal forest provided since the an arbitrary impact) into the portion of hands-pollinated vegetation function adult fruit, prices away from seeds germination and you may seedling survivorship, seedling size at 1 year, and you can cumulative exercise. Numerous models was in fact checked out using ANOVA: (a) also all of the services, (b) leaving out imbalanced providers, permitting comparison out-of communication terms and conditions, (c) minus selfing procedures (while the maternal trees were mostly or totally mind-incompatible), and you may (d) grouping all within-Sinharaja outcrossing service to check on the end result of contained in this- vs. between-forest crossing. The outcome of crossing length for each parameter is subsequent checked out having fun with linear or quadratic regression study, according to shape of the partnership. Lastly, for each maternal forest, the consequences away from nearest-neighbor and you will a lot of time-distance mating was basically estimated through indices out-of biparental inbreeding anxiety and you will outbreeding anxiety, respectively, based on cumulative fitness values.
Syzygium rubicundum
Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees rencontres adventistes (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: F2,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).
Shorea cordifolia
Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; Fdos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.